Agencies
MADRID, Spain.- The 2016 will be remembered as the "year of the government in functions," for more than 300 days that he remained as acting as the Executive of Mariano Rajoy to renew his mandate, after two elections and a long lock-partisan.
The elections of the 20 of December of 2015 showed how the political map electoral of Spain had changed, and opened what is considered as the end of the so-called two-party system between the conservative Popular Party (PP) and the Spanish Socialist workers Party (PSOE).
The two major political forces, only ones that have ruled Spain alternately without interruption since 1982, have had to negotiate almost in a situation of equality with the new formations, the leftist we Can and the centre-right Citizens.
The PP of Rajoy won the elections without a majority in the Congress of Deputies, to get 123 seats, followed by 90 of the PSOE, 69 of Can, 40 Citizens, and the rest distributed between independence forces and the nationalists, until the completion of the 350 of the camera.
The 21 of December of 2015 was opened in the period of the interim (government functions, as it is known in this country), which came to be the longest in the current democratic period in Spain.
The first attempt to Rajoy to form a government, supported by a coalition of the PP, the PSOE and the Citizens, failed before the refusal of the then socialist leader Pedro Sánchez to endorse the economic and social policies of the representative.
The lack of agreement forced the king Felipe VI, to propose to Sanchez as a candidate for the endowment, but only got the support of Citizens and the votes of investiture of the beginning of march was far from the 176 votes required to endorse a mandate.
The failure of subsequent negotiations led to an announcement of new elections for 26 June, and by that time, there were increasing calls to avoid which will last more time the period of interim.
The second election he won the PP, who rose to 132 deputies, about 85 of the PSOE, 71 of the coalition United we Can (we Can with the United Left), 32 Citizens, and the rest spread across other forces in the chamber.
Rajoy again attempted to form a coalition of the PP, the PSOE and the Citizens, and once again Sanchez denied the support, but this time without a to opt to a vote of investiture.
The doubts about how it would affect the lack of a government with full powers, to the economy were many, until in the summer, the Executive raised its growth forecast for the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in two-tenths from 3.0 to 3.2 percent.
Firm
The dynamics behind these choices changed, by taking Rajoy the initiative and add support of Citizens, more a vote of coalición Canaria and approach, with 170 votes to the 176 required to be endorsed.
The vote of investiture of the beginning of September, the lost, but instead of losing strength remained strong, and was the internal crisis in the PSOE, open for those who do not share the negative position of Sanchez, the that changed the course remained months ago.
The adverse election result in elections that are local to the Basque Country and Galicia, over the sum of voices critical of their leadership, they forced Sánchez to resign on the 1st of October, losing an internal vote of the Federal Committee of the PSOE.
After it transpired the version of that Sanchez was trying to negotiate with pro-independence catalans support in a potential vote of investiture, which generated more voices of opposition to its permanence in the leadership socialist.
The PSOE is led since then by a Management Committee headed by the president of Asturias, Javier Fernández, who in October was put to the vote of the Committee on Federal abstention in a investiture of Rajoy and received the okay to propose.
The change socialist opened the door to Rajoy, who on the 14th of October last was serving 100 days as interim president, and prepared for his inauguration, which was finally adopted on the 29th of that month, with 170 votes in favour, 111 against and 68 abstentions.
Parties in crisis
The 31 of October, Rajoy was sworn in before the king of Spain as president for a new period, whose duration could not be of four years due to the situation of minority in the governing, and for which he has already lost several votes in the u.s. Congress.
The president has assured that this "is going to be the legislature of the dialogue and the negotiations" with the opposition parties, a position that in its first few weeks has made effective with the PSOE and the Citizens.
The Spanish socialist party, weakened by internal crisis that has divided the party, should resolve in 2017, its new leadership and the project.
Citizens, meanwhile, stood as the opposition useful, but he fears that in new elections the PP asked him to remove his space in the centre-right.
we Can goes through internal struggles for control of the party, which affects its action opposition in Congress, where few of his initiatives for political and economic change have been seen.
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