35.4 percent of those arrested in Spain between 2013 and 2016 for activities related to the Islamic State (EI) had operational capacity and willingness to attack in this country activities, revealed the Real Instituto Elcano.
The program director of Global Terrorism institution, Fernando Reinares, and researcher Carola García-Calvo presented the report “Islamic state in Spain”, which covers the analysis of 124 detainees , of which 45.3 percent have Spanish nationality.
41.1 percent has Moroccan nationality and 13.6 percent other nationalities, including a minority born in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Chile, Portugal, Italy, Bulgaria, Jordan, Pakistan or Tunisia.
A third of those arrested since 2013 “was in networks, cells or groups with operational and will attack in Spain, in cities like Barcelona, Madrid or Ceuta capabilities,” he said reinares.
He indicated that seven out of 10 arrested since the first operation in 2013, “had gone to Syria or Iraq, or had decision to do so, or was in preparation for the trip, and some when they were in the trip were captured “.
Reinares considered that minimizes the importance of the so-called “lone wolves” is given, and most want to go to the area called caliphate on the border between Syria and Iraq.
However, clarified that although the majority inclination is “going to join the jihad (holy war),” also for many it is “re waiting to receive orders for be sleeper cells and act in attacks for which they have been entrusted. ”
The study has detected 160 foreign fighters who have traveled to the conflict zone, of which 19 are known to be killed in combat and 20 have returned for various reasons.
The academic said that before this evidence “increases the perception of threat to the coexistence of the country” so that “it is necessary to strengthen social resilience against terrorism, to avoid divisions and gap between Muslims and non-Muslims. ”
“are figures showing that, without an offense has been committed in our country, is not being resilient, is leaving fracture,” he said.
Therefore, I urge the authorities to act in the plans of prevention of radicalization, recruitment networks and all programs created against this phenomenon.
The study noted that 83.1 percent of the mobilized by terrorism linked to Islamic State are male, with an average age of 31 years; 66 percent married.
From 2013, when the EI initiates an expansion of recruitment, they are beginning to show more cases of arrests of women, so now 16.9 percent of detainees they are female, 22 years old on average and 27 percent of them married.
García-Calvo said one part of mobilizing women in Spain responds to the aims of the Islamic State of trying to bring young girls to marry them fighters, and from there give light to a second generation of jihadists.
stressed that no change in the origin of the detainees, since before 2013 mobilization was an exogenous problem, but there are a growing number of arrestees who are Spanish.
In addition, 42 percent of this mobilization is second generation, and 80 percent of them born in Spain, compared with 5.0 percent until 2013.
the cities where they have made most arrests are in the province of Barcelona, and the Spanish cities of Ceuta and Melilla (both on the north coast of Africa and neighboring Morocco).
Of the 124 detainees, 86.1 percent are Muslim origin, 13.9 percent are converts (most had no previous religion), and only 11 percent with relevant knowledge of Islam.
As for the level of education, 59 percent have high school level, and only 10.3 percent higher; and four in 10 had a history different or not with terrorist activities.
On the process of radicalization, most began it in 2013: 73.8 percent were radicalized in Spain, 10 percent outside the borders, 16.2 percent between assumptions, with 80 percent of cases in Barcelona.
Of these, 18.4 percent did so through online processes of social networking sites; 28.9 percent in “offline” in various areas and 52.7 percent among both cases.
“The homes, places of worship, cultural centers, are the most sensitive to radicalization, while in the virtual world in Spain the platform most used for this is Facebook” he reiterated García-Calvo.
Among the agents of radicalization, “eight out of 10 did so in the company of other individuals, so it is no phenomenon of autorradicalizados, are called charismatic actors were already radicalized, they had mobilized, they were dormant. ”
are mainly activists and relatives (43.8 percent are brothers and 12.5 percent parents or children) and friends in a majority of cases, followed in the background of religious leaders .
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